Design Legends ("DL") had the distinct honour to interview legendary designer Ching Lee, Jeanne Tan and Jun Jong Tan ("CLJTAJJT") for their original perspective and innovative approach to design as well as their creative lifestyle, we are very pleased to share our interview with our distinguished readers.
CLJTAJJT : My background is rooted in both textile design and scientific research . I hold a PhD in Fashion and Textiles Design from the School of Fashion and Textiles at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , where I specialized in the design and development of intelligent systematic temperature control for woven thermal illuminative e-textiles . Prior to that, I earned a bachelor’s degree in fabric technology from the same institution, which laid a strong foundation in textile engineering and material behavior. My education and research have always focused on bridging design with technology , particularly in the fields of smart textiles , wearable systems , and AI-driven functionality . Through this journey, I’ve gained expertise not only in creative design but also in data analysis, user-centered research , and the application of machine learning in real-world wearable applications. It’s this interdisciplinary approach that continues to shape my work today.
CLJTAJJT : What motivates me to design is the desire to create meaningful solutions that enhance people's lives —especially through the fusion of technology and human-centered design. I’ve always been curious about how things work and how they can be improved, particularly by combining scientific knowledge with textile innovation. That curiosity, along with a passion for problem-solving and experimentation , naturally led me to the field of design. I became a designer because I saw the potential of smart textiles to bridge form and function, and to turn everyday products into responsive, interactive systems . The idea that a fabric can do more than just cover or decorate—that it can think, feel, and adapt—is what inspired me the most. It’s incredibly rewarding to translate abstract ideas and complex technologies into simple, functional, and beautiful designs that make a tangible difference in real-world applications.
CLJTAJJT : I definitely chose to become a designer . It was a decision driven by both curiosity and passion. From the beginning of my academic journey in fabric technology, I was fascinated by the intersection of science, materials, and creativity . As I progressed in my studies and research, I realized that design offered a powerful way to translate complex ideas into practical, user-centered solutions . Design gave me the freedom to explore meaningful innovations—especially in smart textiles—while also allowing me to apply my technical background in a creative, impactful way. It was never something I felt obligated to do; it was a natural and deeply fulfilling path that aligned with my personal interests and long-term goals.
CLJTAJJT : I specialize in the design of smart textiles and wearable systems , with a focus on integrating artificial intelligence, responsive materials , and interactive technologies into functional textile structures. My work includes the development of temperature-regulating fabrics , illuminative textiles , and AI-driven e-textiles designed for applications in fashion, healthcare, rehabilitation, and interior design . In the future, I wish to design more advanced, multi-functional textiles that not only respond to external stimuli like temperature and humidity but also provide meaningful feedback to users—supporting physical comfort, emotional well-being, and even health monitoring . I’m particularly interested in expanding into textile-based environmental sensing and adaptive garments , pushing the boundary of how textiles can think, feel, and interact with their surroundings in real time.
CLJTAJJT : To become a design legend—or simply to make a meaningful impact in the field—young designers should stay curious, be fearless about experimentation , and always design with a clear purpose . It’s important to focus not only on aesthetics but also on functionality, empathy, and innovation . The best designs solve real problems and improve lives. I always encourage young designers to build a strong foundation in both creativity and technical knowledge . Learn to understand the materials and technologies you work with, because that depth will empower you to push boundaries. Embrace collaboration— great design rarely happens in isolation—and always be open to feedback and multidisciplinary perspectives. Finally, remember that success doesn’t happen overnight. Be patient, persistent, humble , and stay true to your values and vision . The goal isn’t just to be recognized but to create work that stands the test of time and meaningfully contributes to society.
CLJTAJJT : A good designer creates work that is functional, well-crafted, and visually appealing—but a great designer goes beyond that. A great designer creates solutions that are not only effective but also meaningful, forward-thinking, and deeply human-centered . What truly distinguishes a great designer is their ability to understand people , to empathize with users, and to design with purpose, not just aesthetics. Great designers constantly challenge the status quo , ask the right questions, and are not afraid to experiment, fail, and learn . They also consider the broader impact of their work—on society, the environment, and future generations. In my experience, great designers embrace interdisciplinary thinking and never stop growing. They stay curious, take risks, and create with a mindset that fuses creativity, ethics, and innovation —not just to make something beautiful, but to make a difference.
CLJTAJJT : A really good design is one that successfully balances function, aesthetics, usability, and impact . It goes beyond just looking good—it solves a real problem, serves a clear purpose, and enhances the user's experience in a thoughtful and often intuitive way. For me, evaluating good design starts with asking: Does it work? Is it meaningful? Is it sustainable? A truly exceptional design demonstrates clarity in intention , efficiency in function , and elegance in execution . It should be user-centric , accessible , and emotionally resonant , while also considering long-term use and environmental responsibility . In my own practice, especially within smart textiles, I also evaluate good design based on how effectively it integrates technology with human needs , and whether it offers an adaptive, intelligent solution without compromising comfort or usability. A great design quietly invites trust—it seamlessly becomes a part of life without demanding attention.
CLJTAJJT : Good design adds value far beyond appearance—it has the power to improve lives, solve real problems, and create lasting impact . At its core, good design is about clarity, usability, empathy, and functionality . It enhances the way we interact with the world, whether it's through a product, system, space, or experience. Investing in good design means investing in efficiency, sustainability, and innovation . Well-designed solutions can reduce waste, increase user satisfaction, support well-being, and even transform entire industries. Whether in healthcare, fashion, technology, or public space, good design leads to better outcomes for both users and businesses . In an increasingly complex world, good design provides intelligent simplicity . It ensures that products and systems are not just effective but meaningful , accessible , and sustainable . That’s why everyone—from individuals to companies to governments—should see good design as a strategic and essential investment for the future.
CLJTAJJT : If I had the time, I would love to design a comprehensive smart textile system that supports health and well-being for vulnerable communities , particularly the elderly or people with physical disabilities . I envision wearable textiles that not only regulate temperature but also monitor vital signs, mobility, and comfort levels , offering both support and independence to those who need it most. I would design for NGOs, healthcare providers, and rehabilitation centers —organizations that serve people who could greatly benefit from adaptive, intelligent, and dignified solutions . Often, these users are overlooked in mainstream design, and I believe good design should be inclusive, compassionate, and accessible to all. This type of project would combine my passion for smart textiles and AI innovation with a purpose that delivers tangible social impact—a dream opportunity to use design as a tool for empathy, empowerment, and meaningful change.
CLJTAJJT : My dream project is to create a fully-integrated smart textile system that combines adaptive heating, cooling, environmental monitoring, and biometric sensing into one wearable platform. The concept would address real-life needs in health care, disaster relief, and remote environments , supporting individuals who work or live in extreme conditions. It would be a textile that not only reacts—but thinks, communicates, and protects . This ambitious vision requires more time, resources, and cross-disciplinary collaboration, but it remains high on my list of future goals.
CLJTAJJT : My secret recipe for success in design is the fusion of scientific research with human-centered creativity . The 'secret ingredient' is curiosity —I constantly ask questions, explore unconventional ideas, and seek to understand user needs on a deeper level. Every design I create is grounded in data-driven research , combined with empathetic thinking and a willingness to experiment . I believe that success comes from the ability to remain open-minded while maintaining a clear purpose in every decision.
CLJTAJJT : I’m particularly inspired by Prof. Jeanne Tan , whose pioneering work in illuminative textiles using polymeric optical fibers laid the foundation for merging technology with expressive textile design. Outside my immediate field, I admire Dieter Rams for his principle of “less but better,” and Issey Miyake , who redefined fashion by integrating sculpture, movement, and technology. Their work demonstrates how design can be functional, emotionally resonant, and visually timeless .
CLJTAJJT : I’m deeply drawn to Issey Miyake’s A-POC (A Piece of Cloth) Collection because of its innovation in form, material, and production. It's a perfect example of sustainable design, user interaction, and textile engineering coming together beautifully. I also admire Yves Béhar’s Sayl Chair for Herman Miller , which combines advanced materials, structural ingenuity, and ergonomic design—exactly the kind of balance I strive for in smart textiles.
CLJTAJJT : My greatest design so far is ChromaHeat AI , an intelligent textile system that automatically adjusts heating levels based on individual user profiles and real-time environmental data. What makes it great in my eyes is its combination of advanced AI modeling, responsive textile engineering , and user-centered design . It not only solves a practical problem—personal thermal comfort—but also includes aesthetic detailing through color-changing illumination , which adds emotional engagement to the functionality.
CLJTAJJT : To become better designers, people need to continuously embrace learning and remain adaptable . I always recommend stepping outside your comfort zone—work with different disciplines, explore unfamiliar technologies, and don’t be afraid to fail. For myself, pursuing a PhD in fashion and textile design , collaborating with engineers, and constantly testing and refining prototypes helped me push my creative and technical boundaries. Also, being open to feedback and viewing critique as a tool for improvement has been essential to my growth.
CLJTAJJT : If I hadn’t become a designer, I likely would have pursued a path in scientific research or engineering , possibly in materials science or product development. I’ve always been drawn to understanding how things work and finding ways to improve them. Research and innovation still remain at the heart of what I do today—just expressed through the medium of design.
CLJTAJJT : For me, design is a process of empathy-driven problem solving . It’s the translation of ideas and insights into practical, meaningful solutions that improve how people live, feel, and interact with their environment. Design is not just about aesthetics—it's about function, experience, innovation , and impact. It’s a language for creating change, bridging creativity with science and technology, and finding elegance in both form and purpose.
CLJTAJJT : My greatest supporter has been Professor Jeanne Tan , who served as my mentor and supervisor during my PhD. Her guidance, vision, and belief in interdisciplinary thinking helped shape my approach to smart textile design. She encouraged innovation beyond the boundaries of traditional fashion or textiles and supported my journey through both technical and creative challenges. My team and collaborators have also played a crucial role in bringing our shared ideas to life.
CLJTAJJT : What helped me most was adopting a research-driven, user-centered mindset , staying open to feedback , and always being willing to learn and iterate . My background in fabric technology gave me a strong technical foundation, while my passion for design challenged me to constantly explore new possibilities. Embracing collaboration across disciplines , and being persistent even when solutions didn’t come easily, shaped me into the designer I am today.
CLJTAJJT : One of the biggest obstacles was the lack of existing frameworks and references in the field of intelligent textiles that combined AI, woven structures, and human-centered design. I had to build much of the research and system from the ground up, including data collection , testing protocols , and AI modeling . Another challenge was bridging the gap between design and engineering —learning to communicate across disciplines and collaborate effectively took time and effort. These challenges, however, became some of the most valuable learning experiences.
CLJTAJJT : Designers should present their work with clarity, context, and purpose . It’s important to communicate not just what the design is, but why it matters—what problem it solves, who it serves, and how it improves the user experience. A strong presentation includes both visual storytelling (sketches, prototypes, user interactions) and process thinking —showing the research, challenges, and iterations behind the final product. Whether through exhibitions, publications, or digital platforms, good design communication should evoke both understanding and inspiration .
CLJTAJJT : My next focus is to advance the ChromaHeat AI system by improving its prediction accuracy through larger, more diverse datasets , and integrating a cooling function to support full-spectrum thermal regulation. In parallel, our team are working on commercializing illuminative smart textiles for fashion and therapeutic applications through our spin-off company, GERI LIMITED . You can expect to see more multi-functional, AI-integrated textile solutions from us—designed not just for innovation, but for everyday impact in comfort, healthcare, and sustainability .
CLJTAJJT : My ultimate goal is to create designs that improve quality of life through the thoughtful integration of technology, human needs, and material intelligence . I want to be remembered as a designer who bridged science and creativity to develop smart textiles that responded not only to functionality but also to emotional and sensory well-being. Whether in fashion, rehabilitation, or interiors, I aim to leave a legacy of work that is innovative, inclusive, and impactful .
CLJTAJJT : People often expect an esteemed designer to bring vision, leadership, and meaningful solutions —not just trendy concepts, but outcomes that are grounded in research and real-world relevance . There’s also an expectation to mentor and inspire others , to push boundaries responsibly, and to be a catalyst for positive change. I take that expectation seriously, and strive to be a designer who not only delivers innovation but also contributes to the growth of the design community .
CLJTAJJT : Design plays a vital role in shaping a better society by solving problems—both large and small—with intention and empathy . It improves accessibility, strengthens sustainability, and enhances the way we interact with our environments and each other. Through inclusive, user-focused, and future-thinking approaches , design can empower marginalized communities, support health and well-being, and promote equity. Good design isn’t just about creating new things—it’s about creating the right things that help us live smarter, more connected, and more meaningful lives.
CLJTAJJT : I’m currently working on the next phase of the ChromaHeat AI project , expanding its functionality by integrating cooling capabilities alongside the existing heating system. We are also in the process of refining the AI model by incorporating more diverse user data to improve personalization and accuracy. Additionally, I’m excited about our work through GERI LIMITED , our spin-off company, where we’re applying illuminative textiles to create smart fabric solutions for fashion, interior environments, and rehabilitation therapy. These next steps are exciting because they bring cutting-edge research closer to real-life applications .
CLJTAJJT : The ChromaHeat AI project has given me the most satisfaction because it was both a technological and creative challenge . It represents years of research, experimentation, and interdisciplinary collaboration, all driven by a commitment to improving personal thermal comfort through smart design. Seeing the prototype function effectively and gaining recognition for its innovative approach has been incredibly rewarding. It’s a design that truly aligns with my goal of fusing research, empathy, and design thinking to benefit people’s lives.
CLJTAJJT : I would like to see the design industry place even more emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration and sustainability . As challenges in health, accessibility, and climate continue to grow, designers need to work more closely with researchers, scientists, and technologists to create solutions that are both impactful and ethical . I also hope to see more platforms and support for young and emerging designers , especially those working in socially conscious and tech-integrated design fields.
CLJTAJJT : The design field is clearly moving toward intelligent, adaptive, and data-informed experiences . We’re seeing a shift from static objects to dynamic systems that can learn, respond, and evolve with the user. This includes the growing role of AI, biotechnology, sustainable materials , and wearable technologies in everyday design. I believe the future will be shaped by designers who understand both technology and human behavior , balancing innovation with responsibility to create solutions that are smart, inclusive, and environmentally conscious .
CLJTAJJT : Finalizing a design project can take anywhere from several months to a few years , depending on the complexity and depth of research involved. For example, ChromaHeat AI took around four years from concept development to functional prototype. This included material sourcing, textile experimentation, data collection, AI modeling, and user testing. I follow an iterative, research-driven process , so timelines are shaped by testing, refinements , and ensuring the product meets all its intended goals—in terms of functionality, user experience, and innovation .
CLJTAJJT : When I begin a new design project, I always start with research and user understanding . I believe that meaningful design must be informed by real needs, so I begin by identifying the problem space , exploring existing solutions, and collecting data—either from literature, field studies, or direct user feedback . From there, I explore how technology and materials can be applied innovatively, while aligning with both human factors and contextual relevance . It's a process of empathy, ideation, and experimentation.
CLJTAJJT : My life motto as a designer is: "Design with purpose, innovate with empathy." To me, design is not just about creating something functional or beautiful—it’s about bringing value to people’s lives through thoughtful, responsible, and intelligent solutions . I believe when creativity is rooted in empathy and fueled by inquiry, it has the power to truly transform the world around us.
CLJTAJJT : I believe it's a dynamic relationship —design can both set and respond to trends. Visionary design often leads by introducing new ways of thinking , anticipating future needs before they become mainstream. At the same time, emerging trends in technology, culture, or behavior influence the design process by shaping expectations and requirements. In my work, especially in smart textiles, I strive to be at the intersection—responding to technological trends while contributing innovative solutions that shape future lifestyles.
CLJTAJJT : Technology plays an integral role in my design process—it is both the tool and the material . From machine learning and data modeling to intelligent textile structures , technology allows me to design adaptive, responsive, and personalized experiences . Whether I’m working on AI-driven heating textiles or sensor-integrated fabrics, technology enables my designs to go beyond aesthetics and address real-time, real-world needs with precision and innovation.
CLJTAJJT : My work involves a unique blend of textile machinery, data analysis tools, and digital modeling software . For fabric production, I use the CCI/SL7900 Rapier Sample Loom to weave smart textiles. I use an infrared camera to monitor heating performance and thermal responses. For AI modeling, I rely on Scikit-learn in Python to build and train machine learning algorithms. Additionally, I use Adobe Illustrator , AutoCAD , and Rhino for conceptual visualization and pattern development, depending on the stage of the project.
CLJTAJJT : Color, materials, and ambient environment are essential components in shaping the perception, functionality, and emotional response to a design. In smart textile design, color is more than aesthetic—it can serve as visual feedback, as seen in ChromaHeat AI , where color changes reflect heating levels . Materials define the tactility, comfort, and performance of a product, especially in wearable applications. Ambient factors—such as light, temperature, and sound—affect how a design is experienced in real-life contexts. Thoughtfully integrating these elements allows the design to resonate with users on both functional and sensory levels .
CLJTAJJT : I wish people would ask, "How does this design improve everyday human experiences?" or “What kind of research informed this solution?” These questions go beyond surface-level impressions and open the door to discussing the exploration, user research, data strategy , and intentional choices that shape the design. It’s a chance to highlight how science, empathy, and creativity come together to make the final result meaningful—not just innovative.
CLJTAJJT : When I see a truly great design, I immediately think: “This is so simple, yet so profound.” Great design often feels effortless—it makes me want to understand the process behind it. I think about what challenge it solved, how elegantly it was done , and what I can learn from it . It also inspires me to push my own boundaries and apply similar clarity, empathy, and thoughtfulness in my own work.
CLJTAJJT : My ideal design partner is someone with a complementary skill set and a shared value system —someone who brings a different perspective, but with aligned goals. For example, engineers, scientists, and therapists have all been impactful collaborators in my work. Yes, I absolutely believe in co-design . I see it as a way to harness collective intelligence , especially when designing for diverse or vulnerable communities. Involving users or domain experts early in the process fosters more inclusive, effective, and innovative solutions .
CLJTAJJT : Professor Jeanne Tan has had the most profound influence on my design journey. As my supervisor and mentor, she encouraged me to evolve from a traditional textile designer into one who explores illumination, AI, smart textiles , and their use in real-world applications. My collaboration with engineers and researchers during the ChromaHeat AI project also challenged me to think in systems, data, and cross-functional integration . Their insights pushed me to blend design with technology , and that fusion continues to define my work today.
CLJTAJJT : Several books have shaped my perspective as a designer. One that stands out is “The Design of Everyday Things” by Don Norman , which deeply influenced how I think about user experience and intuitive functionality . It reinforced the idea that design should serve users, not confuse them. Another impactful read has been “Design Meets Disability” by Graham Pullin , which introduced me to the concept of inclusive design —how aesthetics and assistive technology can coexist. Additionally, I frequently refer to scientific journals and textile engineering publications , which keep my knowledge of materials, performance testing, and smart fabric systems up to date.
CLJTAJJT : I developed my skills through a combination of academic research , hands-on experimentation , and multidisciplinary collaboration . My training in textile technology gave me strong technical foundations, but it was through doctoral research projects, real-world prototyping , and working alongside engineers and scientists that my skills evolved to a more advanced level. I also continuously refine my work through testing, data analysis, reflection, and peer feedback . Embracing both successes and failures as learning opportunities has been crucial to becoming a master of my craft.
CLJTAJJT : I would love to meet and talk with Leonardo da Vinci . He was the ultimate interdisciplinary thinker—an artist, inventor, engineer, and visionary. I’d be fascinated to discuss how he approached designing for the future during his time, and how he would interpret the role of technology and science in design today. His ability to connect art and science is something I constantly strive for in my own work.
CLJTAJJT : Receiving awards and recognition is incredibly humbling—it validates the years of dedication, research, and problem-solving behind each project. I see it not just as a personal achievement, but as an opportunity to share innovation with a broader audience and inspire future designers . I wouldn’t say it’s hard to be “famous,” but it does come with responsibility—to continue innovating, mentoring, and contributing to the field with sincerity and purpose. It reminds me to stay grounded and focused on what truly matters: creating work that makes a difference .
CLJTAJJT : My favorite color is the rainbow , as it symbolizes hope, diversity, and a bright future —a visual reminder that beauty often comes from contrast and harmony. My favorite place is Hong Kong , a truly international city where Eastern and Western cultures coexist and constantly inspire innovation. When it comes to food , I’m fascinated by Molecular Gastronomy —not only because it's delicious, but because it represents creativity, precision, and reimagining the familiar through science . My favorite season is spring , a time of renewal, growth, and fresh ideas. As for my favorite thing and brand , I would proudly say GERI LIMITED —our spin-off company focused on intelligent illuminative textiles , representing not just my design values but also our team's vision for the future of smart, human-centered design.
CLJTAJJT : During one of our subject tests for data collection, we were using a thermocouple sensor to measure skin temperature in real time. At one point, the readings suddenly became inaccurate. I immediately assumed something in the circuit had malfunctioned or that a component was broken. But before I could start troubleshooting, my engineer colleague calmly pointed out that the issue was simply because the sensor tip had detached from the skin when the subject moved! We both couldn’t help but laugh at how such a small detail had caused so much confusion. The experience reminded me that even self-developed components—no matter how sophisticated—still rely on proper setup and observation protocols , and sometimes the simplest issues are the easiest to overlook.
CLJTAJJT : A great day as a designer starts when I see progress , especially when a data model gives expected results, or a prototype behaves exactly as intended. That moment when an idea starts to work in real life —it’s the best kind of motivation. I stay inspired by reminding myself why I started: to make a measurable impact through design. Collaborating with passionate people, solving meaningful problems, and seeing others engage with our creations always lifts me up.
CLJTAJJT : Looking back, I was always drawn to making things with my hands —building, sketching, taking things apart to learn how they worked. I loved asking, “What if I tried it this way?” even as a child. Though I didn’t know what a designer was back then, the curiosity, problem-solving, and imagination were clearly there. Over time, design became the perfect field where I could channel those early instincts into something bigger and more structured.
CLJTAJJT : A thousand years from now, I imagine a world where design and technology are completely integrated into life and even the body . Textiles may be self-healing, AI may be embedded in daily environments, and physical-digital realities will blend more seamlessly. But I also hope the core values remain: empathy, sustainability, and creativity . As much as I believe in advanced systems, I also envision a future that respects nature and enhances the human experience without losing its soul .
CLJTAJJT : To everyone who has supported or followed my work: thank you. I want you to know that behind every design is a team, a philosophy, and a purpose . What I create isn’t just about technology—it’s about people, comfort, well-being, and imagination turned into reality . I hope my work inspires you to see textiles not as static materials but as intelligent, responsive systems that shape our lives. And for aspiring designers—keep experimenting, keep questioning, and never stop believing that your ideas matter .
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